The network of global corporate control

A new article by Stefania Vitali, James B. Glattfelder, and Stefano Battiston posted on arXiv.org explores the international ownership networks of corporations.  The paper investigates network topology and lists core economic actors.

The bow-tie structure of international corporate control networks

From the authors:

The structure of the control network of transnational corporations affects global market competition and financial stability. So far, only small national samples were studied and there was no appropriate methodology to assess control globally. We present the first investigation of the architecture of the international ownership network, along with the computation of the control held by each global player. We find that transnational corporations form a giant bow-tie structure and that a large portion of control flows to a small tightly-knit core of financial institutions. This core can be seen as an economic “super-entity” that raises new important issues both for researchers and policy makers.

The Coevolution of Multiplex Communication Networks in Organizational Communities

This issue of Journal of Communication features a new article by USC Annenberg PhD graduate Seungyoon Lee, currently assistant professor at Purdue University,  and USC professor Peter Monge, PI of the Annenberg Networks Network. The article studies co-evolution of communication networks in ICT4D projects and is interesting both theoretically and methodologically.

Read the abstract below – or go to the full JoC article.

A color version of the paper is also available here.

From the authors:

This research examines the evolutionary patterns and determinants of multiplex organizational communication networks. Based on the data between 1997 and 2005 collected from the records of development projects in the field of Information and Communication Technology for Development, the study demonstrates that dynamics in one network are significant drivers of tie formation in the other network at both dyadic and triadic levels. In particular, results show that the effects of common third-party ties and structural embeddedness exist across multiplex networks. Further, the study suggests that resource similarity of organizational dyads, resource width, and organizational centrality have positive effects on the propensity for multiplex ties. These results have implications for organizations’ communication networking strategies in a wide variety of organizational communities.

Who Connects with Whom: A Social Network Analysis
of an Online Open Source Software Community

A new article by ANN members Cindy Shen and Peter Monge looks into the dynamics of collaboration in an online software community. Read the full text in the June 2011 edition of First Monday.  Read a news article about the research posted on the University of Texas at Dallas News Center Web site. From the authors:

“By examining “who connects with whom” in an online community using social network analysis, this study tests the social drivers that shape the collaboration dynamics among a group of participants from SourceForge, the largest open source community on the Web. The formation of the online social network was explored by testing two distinct network attachment logics: strategic selection and homophily. Both logics received some support. Taken together, the results are suggestive of a “performance-based clustering” phenomenon within the OSS online community in which most collaborations involve accomplished developers, and novice developers tend to partner with less accomplished and less experienced peers.“

In April, 2011, the International Journal of Communication (IJoC) published a special section of articles titled “Network Multidimensionality in the Digital Age,” developed from presentations made by speakers at the 2010 ANN Conference. The special section of the journal is co-edited by Manuel Castells, Peter Monge, and Noshir Contractor, and includes work by the co-editors as well as Yochai Benkler, Wendy Hall, Bruno Latour, Karine Nahon, Rahul Tongia, and Ernest Wilson.  

From the IJoC press release:

 “Human communication networks, like those typically found in the network society, are highly complex and relationally rich in that they often connect different types of objects with multiple types of relations. This special section presents seven articles that explore the implications of this network multidimensionality. The articles cover a broad array of issues including network sociomateriality, network power, network exclusion, the semantic web, network fuzziness, and network spheres. The theoretical implications of network multidimensionality are explored and a number of relevant social examples are examined including the degrees of freedom in WikiLeaks networks, the kinds of power in societal networks, and the network changes that occur when technologies and other sociomaterial objects are brought inside the network. The keynote article by Bruno Latour argues that network multidimensionality eradicates the long-standing theoretical distinction between individual and society.”

 The articles may be downloaded from the IJoC website, http://ijoc.org/, or via the ANN Conference page on the ANN website, http://ascnetworksnetwork.org/ann-conference.

Over at the Harvard’s Network Governance program Complexity and Social Networks blog, Stanly Wasserman recommends a fascinating new book combining neuroscience and network concepts.

Networks of the Brain by Olaf Sporns was published in Nov 2010 by the MIT Press.  It explores the structure and dynamics of neural networks and the links between the brain’s network architecture and cognition.

From the MIT Press book description:

“Modern network approaches are beginning to reveal fundamental principles of brain architecture and function, and in Networks of the Brain, Olaf Sporns describes how the integrative nature of brain function can be illuminated from a complex network perspective. Highlighting the many emerging points of contact between neuroscience and network science, the book serves to introduce network theory to neuroscientists and neuroscience to those working on theoretical network models.

Brain networks span the microscale of individual cells and synapses and the macroscale of cognitive systems and embodied cognition. Sporns emphasizes how networks connect levels of organization in the brain and how they link structure to function. In order to keep the book accessible and focused on the relevance to neuroscience of network approaches, he offers an informal and non-mathematical treatment of the subject. After describing the basic concepts of network theory and the fundamentals of brain connectivity, Sporns discusses how network approaches can reveal principles of brain architecture. He describes new links between network anatomy and function and investigates how networks shape complex brain dynamics and enable adaptive neural computation. The book documents the rapid pace of discovery and innovation while tracing the historical roots of the field.”

Cuihua Shen

In a new study published in the February 2011 issue of Communication Research, ANN alumna and University of Texas at Dallas Assistant Professor Cuihua (Cindy) Shen, together with University of Southern California Associate Professor Dmitri Williams, use several data sources and analytical tools—including network analysis—to examine how use of the Internet and a massively multiplayer online game (MMO) affect psychosocial well-being. Studying a sample of over 5,000 players of the MMO EverQuest II, Shen and Williams observed that the effects of Internet and MMO use were dependent on the purposes, contexts, and individual characteristics of the players. For example, they found that using the Internet to meet new people and having a larger in-game communication network were detrimental to psychosocial well-being, whereas having an extroverted personality and using the Internet and MMO to interact with preexisting social ties were associated with positive psychosocial outcomes. Summarizing a number of the study’s interesting findings on online activity, psychosocial outcomes, and media effects, the authors conclude, “The results suggest that Internet use and game play have significant nuances and should not be considered as monolithic sources of effects” (p. 123).

In an article published in the October 2010 issue of the Academy of Management Journal, Francis J. Flynn of Stanford University and Scott S. Wiltermuth of the University of Southern California report that being a broker in one’s intra-organizational network—that is, acting as the link between two or more people in one’s organization who would otherwise be unconnected—may impair one’s ability to assess network members’ agreement on ethical issues. Their findings stand in contrast to many reports in the network literature of the benefits accrued by network brokers. Write Flynn and Wiltermuth, “We provide a counterpoint to research showing that many forms of centrality in social networks can improve social perception (e.g., Krackhardt, 1987), suggesting instead that an individual’s judgments of ethical standards (i.e., the ability to gauge a consensual position) may be impaired by occupying a broker role (i.e., by having more betweenness)” (p. 1075).

 From their abstract:

 “We propose that organization members overestimate the degree to which others share their views on ethical matters. Further, we argue that being a broker in an advice network exacerbates this false consensus bias. That is, a high level of “betweenness centrality” increases an individual’s estimates of agreement with others on ethical issues beyond what is warranted by any actual increase in agreement. We tested these ideas in three separate samples: graduate business students, executive students, and employees. Individuals with higher betweenness centrality overestimated the level of agreement between their ethical judgments and their colleagues’.”